First Chechen War

Russia sent troops into Chechnya in December 1994 to end the self-declared independent Republic of Ichkeria. The storming of Grozny turned into a bloody urban battle, and Chechen fighters kept up a guerrilla war in the mountains until they retook Grozny in August 1996.

Outcome: Russian withdrawal under the Khasavyurt Accord (1996); Chechnya stayed de facto independent.